Hans Lippershey Telescope and Microscope Inventor

Who was the first person to create a telescope? Its one of the most indispensable tools in astronomy, so it seems like the person who first came up with the idea would be well known and written up in history. Unfortunately, no one is quite sure who was the first to design and build one, but the most likely suspect was a German optician named Hans Lippershey.  Ã‚   Meet the Man Behind the Idea of the Telescope Hans Lippershey was born in 1570 in Wesel, Germany, but little else is known about his early life. He moved to Middleburg (now a Dutch town) and married in 1594. He took up the trade of optician, eventually becoming a master lens grinder. By all accounts, he was a tinkerer who tried various methods of creating lenses for glasses and other uses. In the late 1500s, he began experimenting with lining up lenses to magnify the view of distant objects. Fast Facts: Hans Lippershey Born: 1570 in Wesel, GermanyMarried: 1594, no information on spouse or childrenEducation: Trained as an optician in Middleburg, Zeeland (Netherlands)Key accomplishments:  Invented spyglasses, telescope, and microscope From the historical record, it appears that Lippershey was the first to use a pair of lenses in this way. However, he may not have been the first to actually experiment with combining lenses to create crude telescopes and binoculars. There is a tale that says some children were playing with flawed lenses from his workshop to make distant objects look bigger. Their crude toy inspired him to do further experiments after he  watched what they were doing. He built a housing to hold the lenses and experimented with their placement inside. While others, such as Jacob Metius and Zacharias Janssen, later also claimed to invent the telescope, it was Lippershey who worked on perfecting the optical technique and application. His earliest instrument was simply two lenses held in place so that an observer could look through them to distant objects. He called it a looker (in Dutch, that would be kijker). Its invention immediately led to the development of spyglasses and other magnifying devices. It was the first known version of what we know today as a refracting telescope. Such a lens arrangement is now common in camera lenses. Too Far Ahead of His Time? Eventually, in 1608, Lippershey applied to the government of the Netherlands for a patent on his invention. Unfortunately, his patent request was denied. The government thought that the looker could not be kept a secret because it was such a simple idea. However, he was asked to create several binocular telescopes for the Netherlands government and was well compensated for his work. His invention was not called telescope at first; instead, people referred to it as the Dutch reflecting glass.  The theologian Giovanni Demisiani actually came up with the word telescope first, from the Greek words for far (telos) and skopein, meaning to see, to look. The Idea Spreads After Lippersheys application for the patent was publicized, people across Europe took notice of his work and began fiddling with their own versions of the instrument. The most famous of these was Italian scientist  Galileo Galilei, who used a telescope of his own making based on Lippersheys work and wrote about his observations. Once he learned of the device, Galileo began constructing his own, eventually increasing the magnification to a factor of 20. Using that improved version of the telescope, Galileo was able to spot mountains and craters on the Moon, see that the Milky Way was composed of stars, and discover the four largest moons of Jupiter (which are now called the Galileans). Lippershey didnt stop his work with optics, and eventually, he invented the compound microscope, which uses lenses to make very small things look large. However, theres some argument that the microscope may have been invented by two other Dutch opticians, Hans, and Zacharias Janssen, who were making similar optical devices. However, records are very scanty, so its hard to know who actually came up with the idea first. Nonetheless, once the idea was out of the bag, scientists began finding many uses for this way of magnifying the very small and the very distant.   Lippersheys Legacy Hans Lippershey (whose name is also sometimes spelled Lipperhey) died in the Netherlands in 1619, just a few years after Galileos monumental observations using the telescope. A crater on the Moon is named in his honor, as well as asteroid 31338 Lipperhey. In addition, a recently discovered exoplanet bears his name. Today, thanks to his  original work, an amazing variety of telescopes are in use around the world and in orbit. They function using the same principle he first noticed—using optics to make distant objects look larger and give astronomers more detailed looks at celestial objects. Most telescopes today are reflectors, which use mirrors to reflect the light from an object. The use of optics in their eyepieces and onboard instruments (installed on such orbital observatories as the Hubble Space Telescope) continues to help observers—particularly using backyard-type telescopes—to refine the view even more.   Sources The Galileo Project (Rice University): Hans LippersheyHistory of Information: Hans Lippershey Invents the TelescopeHistory of the TelescopeMolecular Expressions: Hans Lippershey ​Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Essay Pips Great Expectations - 894 Words

In the novel, â€Å"Great Expectations† by Charles Dickens, the main character Philip Pirrip, who is known as â€Å"Pip† throughout the novel, has a series of great expectations that he goes through. The title of the novel, as many other great book titles, comes with various meanings that are present in the story. In the literal sense Pip’s â€Å"great expectations† refer to the 19th century meaning, which involve receiving a large inheritance. Meanwhile, on a deeper level Pip sets goals that he hopes to accomplish in the future which could also be referred to as his â€Å"great expectations†. The title, with these multiple meanings that are attached to it, ends up being ironic after all is said and done at the end of the novel. Pip comes from a lower class†¦show more content†¦Pip then goes on to address the reader directly and explains that â€Å"[t]hat was a memorable day to [him], for it made great changes in [him],† (Dickens 70). After meeting with Estella several times and becoming extremely fond of her, despite her bipolar attitudes towards him, Ms. Havisham suddenly decides to recompense Pip for his time and then tells him that he no longer has to come back to the Satis House. Everyday after this, Pip continuously thinks of Estella and of how he must become a gentleman in order to be at the same level as Estella and eventually marry her. Another character Biddy (whose relationship to Pip is somewhat complicated) begins acting as Pip’s teacher and Pip says â€Å"[w]hatever [he] acquired, [he] tried to impart to Joe,† because â€Å"[he] wanted to make Joe less ignorant and common.† Pip’s plans to become a well-mannered gentleman to be worthy of high-society and to be worthy of Estella’s affection are two goals or â€Å"great expectations† that Pip sets for himself that ultimately carry the plot of the novel along. After being released from Ms. Havishams service, Pip becomes Joe’s apprentice. Four years into his apprenticeship, Pip is approached by a man who he vaguely remembers meeting once at the Satis House. This man is Jaggers, a lawyer, who proceeds to tell Pip that an anonymous benefactor has made PipShow MoreRelated Great Expectations: Pip’s Views of Expectations Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations – Discuss Pip’s views of expectations and how they affect him. The novel Great Expectations is focused around the theme of a young male’s expectations and how they rule his life. It tells us the effects they have on people and the negative impact they have on Pip’s life. The Title to the novel â€Å"Great Expectations† totally contradicts the main theme in the book, as the expectations turn out to be not so great after all. 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It is at the heart of the book mainly for the reason that it is the closest and deepest relationship between any two characters in the whole novel. This forms a relevance to the title of ‘Great Expectations.’ After meeting with PipRead MoreEssay about Pips Expectations in Charles Dickens Great Expectations1166 Words   |  5 PagesPips Expectations in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Throughout the novel there are many expectations of Pip. They are appointed to him by many different characters, as well as himself. These expectations were very stressful for Pip and often wore him down to breaking point. Right from the start of the book we are introduced to many characters and we find out shortly why they thrust such Great Expectations on Pip. Eventually we discover more about these and find Read MorePip’s Character Change in Charles Dickens Great Expectations1173 Words   |  5 PagesPip’s Character Change in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is a compelling story rich in friendship, love and fortune. The main character, Pip, is a dynamic character that undergoes many changes through the course of the book and throughout this analysis, the character Pip, will be identified and his gradual change through the story will be quoted and explained. The main character, Pip, is a gentle character. His traits include Read MoreEssay on What Shapes Pip’s Character in Great Expectations?1682 Words   |  7 PagesWhat influences shape the character of young Pip in Great Expectations? â€Å"Great Expectations†, by Charles Dickens, is an enthralling tale of love and fortune. The story is set in the period of Dickens’ childhood, from 1810 to approximately 1830, and it is likely that memories of his own youth inspired Dickens to write the novel. The main character, Pip, is a gentle and humble boy whose character and personality undergo major transformations throughout the novel. He is influenced by many charactersRead MorePips Perspectives on Social Classes in Great Expectations Essay878 Words   |  4 Pages Great Expectations by Charles Dickens is a coming-of-age story written from December 1860 to 1861. Great Expectations follows the life of Phillip Pirrip, self-named Pip; as his â€Å"infant tongue could make of both name nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip.† (I, Page 3) The story begins with Pip as a young child, destined to be the apprentice of his blacksmith brother-in-law, Joe Gargery. 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There are many different events ranging from his meeting the convict, and Miss Havisham, his falling in love with Estella and his fortunate gaining of an unknown benefactor, which enables Pip to achieve more promisingRead More Impressions Gained of Pips Character from Great Expectations528 Words   |  3 PagesImpressions Gained of Pips Character from Great Expectations Pip is very much a child in the the first chapter. However, it is Pip narrating it as an adult ( retrospective narrator). You know he is a child by his childish thoughts and his rather odd imagination. He manages to come up with the childish conclusion that his father is a square, stout, dark man, with curly hair just by looking at his fathers tombstone. Also, that his mother was freckled and sickly. It is quite bizarre

How the Reccession Has Effected the Fast Food Sector Free Essays

The business I have chosen is KFC as KFC is a worldwide business and very popular inside of the fast food industry behind fast food giants McDonald’s and burger king and operates in over 110 countries throughout the world as it is a worldwide business it will be affected in different ways in different places. Here are some factors which could have affected them in the recession: People have less disposable income As of the recession many people have less disposable income to spend on fast food as will be sticking to the essentials and their individual necessities in order for them to live. Many people were made redundant in the recession which will have of impacted KFC’s business as not a lot of people will be buying their products. We will write a custom essay sample on How the Reccession Has Effected the Fast Food Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also if people have less money than they will pick the cheaper brand which will impact less on their spending or they will just cut out fast food all together this will impact KFC as it will be drawing less customers as the week goes on which will force the organisation to buy cheaper and lower quality products to sell the public which will make them lose customers as well as the quality wouldn’t be what it used to be. Unemployment increases As the unemployment rate throughout the world increases then less people will not have a sufficient amount of money to spend on high brand fast food restaurants and will have to cut out the spending for fast food altogether as it can be very expensive and overpriced. Unemployment will affect KFC as well as they will be getting rid of people in a way to decrease their main costs in the business in order for them to continue being one of the top high priced fast food restaurants in the fast food market becoming one of the top 5 fast food restaurants in the world behind the fast food giant which is McDonald’s and Burger King. Reduce in profit As KFC is a well-known American fast food restaurant which sells worldwide they sell millions or products globally. The loss of profit will make them have to reduce all of the costs inside of the business for example: lower the amount of employees in the business to cut the cost of the wages to lower the risk of a loss in the business and also lower the quality of the produce used in the products as the price of the raw materials have gone up. As the price of the raw materials go up then the business will be release a lower quality product which will make them lose their customers if they continue to sell a product which does not meet the customer’s needs which will make them go down in the market and will make customers go to KFC’s main competitors for example McDonald’s. How to cite How the Reccession Has Effected the Fast Food Sector, Essay examples

Identifying Criteria Set For Multicriteria -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Identifying Criteria Set For Multicriteria? Answer: Introducation Bunnings Group Limited is an Australian multinational company owned by Wesfarmers since 1994. It operates in Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and in Ireland. The company was initially founded in 1887 in Western Australia and performed activities such as sawmilling. Later on in 1952, the company becomes a public company and simultaneously expanded its operations in retail industry, and in hardware stores. In 1990s, organization started expanding its business in the overseas marketing and with this effect; company opened its first warehouse style store in Melbourne in 1994. Bunnings currently operates in more than 300 store locations along with the retails chains such as Home Timber and Hardware, Mitre 10 and other retailers. With this effect, organization has 20% market share in the Australian retail hardware industry. Companys product offering is wide and huge. They provide unique and useful products for DIY projects, for builders as well as fancy items which are useful for re novation type of procedures. Along with this, they also provide fittings for bathroom and kitchen, flooring materials, lightning products, paint, hardware and tools, window furnishings, etc. (Bunnings Warehouse, 2018). The aim of this report is to expand the business of Bunning Group Limited in Asian countries with the objective to increase their revenues and presence in the international market. While executing the research methods, organization observed that the Singaporean market will be more suitable for Bunning Group limited in order to expand their operations. Bunnings Warehouses are not reached to the Asian countries and for enhancing their international approach, Singaporean market have been chosen. The report will include the research methods used for selecting the market, market entry strategies in order to attain the desired goals and the objectives. Apart from this, the report will include the market strategy recommendations under which the companys PESTLE and SWOT analysis will be performed. The next of the report will include the marketing mix recommendations through which an effective position will be developed in the Singaporean market. Along with these strategies, promotional and a dvertisement strategies will also be covered in this report with the objective to enhance the market presence of the organization in the international retail chain industry. Evaluation of selected target market In order to select the target market for the organization with the motive to increase their global presence, Singaporean market has been chosen. Singapore market has been selected due to numerous vital elements such as presence of big retail companies in and the emerging economy rate. Apart from these elements, organization is able to uplift its performance in the target market with the help of its own services and product offerings. Only few competitors are available which performs the same functionalities as of Bunning Warehouse. Their unique products and services are the major reason for their success and growth, with this; they had developed an effective position in Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland and in United Kingdoms market (Tabrizi, et. al., 2014). In the search operation of the target market, organization has used secondary research method which is also known as the desk research. In this research method, organization could utilise the information already researched by the psychology, newspapers, journals, articles as well as through digital platforms. Information shared by websites could also be used for reaching to the final decision in relation with the motive to expand the business operations of organization in the international market. This method includes internal desk research and the external desk research and it helps the organization to determine the most appropriate technique in relevance with identifying the market conditions of Singapore with the motive of setting up an effective position in the target market. This will help the organization to acquire the distinct market share in the target market along with determining the opportunities to expand the business in the international market (Water, et. al., 2014). Market entry recommendations There are numerous market entry options available for the business enterprise to enter into the domestic or international market with the motive of expansion. Prior to the adaptation of most appropriate strategy, it has been recommended to the organization to research the future aspects of the market entry strategies in relevance with obtaining the desired goals and the objectives. Along with this, the determination of the factors related with the market entry options is necessary with the objective of successful expansion in the target market. Following are certain recommended market entry strategies for the Bunnings Group Limited in order to make the expansion effective and result oriented: Joint Venture: It is a particular form of partnership which involves two companies working together on a particular project. This form of partnership is done for certain period of time in order to accomplish the desired tasks. Two companies specialised in their sectors agree to work on the same project for attaining their targets. Market conditions and the environment plays crucial role in the operations of these types of firms as these are formed for a limited period of time in order to accomplish the desired task. Generally, profit sharing ratio amongst the companies is equal otherwise it depends on their mutual understanding. Bunnings Group Limited could come into a joint venture type of firm with a well-known brand in the Singaporean market. This will help the organization to understand the business environments conditions as well as it will help them to ascertain the opportunities for setting up their brand image effectively. The best example of joint venture type of firms is So ny and Ericsson, both of them decided to manufacture the cell phones and for a long period of time, this joint venture enjoys the leading position in the market. Thus, it has been recommended to the Bunnings Group Limited to operate their functionalities in the Singaporean market in the form of joint venture type of business entity (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Swoboda, 2010). Franchise: Franchising is a typical North American process which is used for expansion of the business in the international as well as in the domestic markets. Now this process is being used by other parts of the globe also in order to attain their desired goals and the objectives. This form of business enterprise is majorly used by the fast food companies under which same type of food items and beverages are delivered to its consumers. Bunnings Group Limited could adopt this strategy in relevance with setting up their strong image in the Singaporean market. This form of business will be adopted only by reviewing the demand of the products and services delivered by the organization in the target market. Without appropriate information, organization would not be able to acquire the appropriate market share in the target market. In a franchise model, organization needs to provide the details of their business to an outsider of the target market with the reputed brand name. With the hel p of the effective brand image, business could easily be set up along with the attainment of the goals, objectives and objective to establish a unique image in the market becomes an easy task (Moore, Doherty Doyle, 2010). Licensing: This is a general mode of entry into the new market; it involves huge paper work under which company gets the right to sell its products and services in the target market consenting over several conditions, rules and regulations. With the help of this strategy, organization would be able to accomplish its tasks in an effective manner. Apart from this, organization will get the official license to perform its functionalities in the target market with the motive of acquiring a separate and important position in the target market. Bunnings Group of Limited is performing its operations in several countries, thus, it is required to adopt the most appropriate market entry strategy for maintaining the brand image of the organization. Along with this, it is necessary for the organization to acquire the appropriate share in the market with the objective of increasing its effectiveness in the international market (Glowik, 2016). Direct Exporting: This strategy is used for trading in the international markets without showing its presence in those markets. This procedure involves the selling over the demand and this procedure involves seller, buyer and agent from both the countries which will help the seller and buyer to accomplish the task in an effective and appropriate manner. Agents and distributors becomes the face for the company because they are the people who have traded with its consumers on behalf of the company. Thus, they plays crucial role in these types of activities and for the company, these types of employees carry huge importance (Omar Porter, 2010). Amongst these market entry strategies, Bunnings Group Limited could adopt the most appropriate strategy in relation with their goals and objectives. Bunnings Warehouse has developed a reputed position in the international market with its superior level of services. Along with this, the company is majorly known for delivering the essential products and services to its consumers in order to increase their effectiveness. Reviewing the organizational working procedure and the future market conditions, it has been recommended to the Bunning Group limited that licensing or joint venture type of market entry strategies could be adopted in relevance with setting up an effective position in the target market. In auditing to this, licensing and joint venture type of market entry strategies are effective enough to extract the positive outcomes for the organization. In joint venture, risks factors will be distributed amongst the companies involved and the same will be executed with profits. In o rder to increase their effectiveness in the target market along with developing an important position, organization will be able to identify the market conditions of the target market (Stevens Dykes, 2013). Target market for organization in Singapore Bunnings Warehouse provides various products and services to all segments of audience. This strategy is being used by the organization for approaching to the right market in order to enhance the demand of their products and services. With the help of increase in the demand, chances for attainment of the goals and the objectives for the organization will be increased. Bunnings Limited majorly deals in homewares, accessories, and warehouse services to the retail chain companies in order to store their goods in a safe and secure manner. Company is operating its activities from more than 300 locations along with approximately 30,000 employees. Organization has covered almost 20% market share in the Australian retail hardware sector and in order to accomplish its objectives related to the increase in the international presence of the organization, they are continuously planning to expand in the rest part of the globe (Martorell, Mulet Otero, 2013). Major target market for Bunnings Group Limited in Singaporean market will be retail chain companies, bathroom fittings organizations, and the companies with the functionalities in the market of light fittings, electrical appliances, outdoor living, paint products, storage places, and warehouses and the hardware and furniture stores, etc. Apart from this, organization has executed the segmentation and positioning strategies in order to analyse the current market conditions and the influence of the external environmental factors. This has helped the organization to develop its position in the target market along with the motive of fulfilling its consumers needs and requirements (Srdjevic, Bajcetic Srdjevic, 2012). Marketing Strategies Marketing strategies are used for setting up the position of the organization in the target marketing. Prior to implementing these strategies, organization is required to perform certain steps in order to analyse the current marketing environmental conditions and the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats through which the effective strategies or the model could be adopted for the purpose of enhancing its effectiveness in the target market. PESTLE analysis Political factors: Political risk in Singapore is quite low as well as the political rules, regulations and the frameworks are supportive for business corporations in order to increase their countrys economic conditions. According to the Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, lowest political risks are involved in Singapore. With the help of democratic nation, political stability could be analysed and this has led to the better standard of living for the citizens of the country. With these frameworks, opportunities for the multinational and domestic corporations have been increased. Political factors and their policies invites the business corporations for conducting their operations in Singapore and this will increase the opportunities for Bunnings Limited in order to successful expansion (Pestle, Crowley Weirauch, 2014). Economic factors: Singapores economic conditions are vibrant and free market economy. With the involvement of huge multinational companies in the economy, economic conditions of Singapore have been increased rapidly and it is one of most emerging countries in Asian continent. Per capita income of citizens of country is highest amongst the ASEAN. Apart from this, Singapore is also known for the corruption free economic conditions and with this effect, opportunities for business corporations are huge as well as supportive. In these conditions, Bunning Limited will easily be able to set up their strong and effective position in the Singaporean market along with their motive of increasing their global presence will also be fulfilled (Kolios Read, 2013). Social factors: Social factors such as customers preferences, markets current trends, culture and values of the country. Organization needs to consider all these factors before setting up its outlet in the target market in order to achieve the desired objectives and the goals. Apart from this, it is crucial for the organization to develop and adopt certain strategies in relevance with the global factors (Helms Nixon, 2010). Technological factors: Technological factors such as improvement in the technology, introduction of new devices, machinery and the technological advancement are the major factors which influence the organization towards resistance to change. Change is necessary for improving the organizational performance as well as it is crucial from the perceptive of gaining the competitive advantage. Adaptation of these factors will help the organization to enhance their effectiveness as well as to gain the competitive advantage in the target market (Amin, Razmi Zhang, 2011). Legal factors: For improving the performance of the organization, legal obligations should be fulfilled with the motive of economic growth. It is required for the organization to develop certain effective rules, regulations and the policies through which the strategies could be utilised on the basis of legislative requirements. This will help the Bunnings Limited to attain its goals and the objectives along with development of an effective image (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Environmental factors: In Singapore, the Ministry of Environment and Anti-Pollution Unit is continuously working upon certain crucial environmental factors such as maintaining air quality, controlling the pollution factors, etc. With the effect to these factors, business organizations need to contribute certain part of their revenues with the objective of increasing the effectiveness of their functionalities (Kim Hyun, 2011). SWOT analysis Strengths Huge network of more than 300 stores locations in Australia, Ireland, and United Kingdom and in New Zealand. Organization has wide product offering for various segments of public (Gordon, 2012). Loyalty and training programs for their employees in order to improve their effectiveness and efficiency. Experts are appointed in order to provide specialised services to its clients (Peter Donnelly, 2011). Bunnings Warehouse is known as the widest and largest household hardware retailer across the Australia. Weaknesses Organization is not available on online platforms through which their distribution platforms are limited to an extent. Lack of administration and controlling methods. Requirement of the services and products offered by Bunnings Limited is decreasing due to people are concerned about the self-service and related services (Luan Sudhir, 2010). Opportunities Organization could operate its functionalities through online shopping websites in relation with increasing their revenues and profitability. People are concerned about their luxury and hangout places, thus, Bunnings Limited needs to fulfil those requirements in an effective manner. Threats Aggressive competition is being faced by the competitors engaged in the same type of industry. Aggressive and trending technologies used by the competitors for promoting their products and services. Suitability of Marketing Mix Recommendations This tool could be used by the business enterprises for increasing their efficiency through promoting their products and the services in an effective manner. Along with this, the crucial part of this strategy is to promote the main features and elements of the organizational products in order to set up an effective image in the target market along with gaining competitive advantage. This tool is effective enough to uplift the performance of the organization along with determining the various opportunities for increasing their revenues and the profitability. Following are certain crucial attributes of marketing mix strategy: Product: This attribute of the marketing mix tool describes the unique features and the elements of the products to its target audience. This element is useful for increasing the effectiveness of the product as well as it helps the organization to promote their products in the target market in an effective manner. Price: Price of the product plays crucial role in relevance with the demand. In order to increase the demand of the product, price of the products should be set on the several bases through which the organization could be able to uplift its competitive advantage (Mintz Mintz, 2013). Place: Place of distribution is the outlet of the operations through which the target audience could be able to get the products and services. This will help the organization to approach its audience in an effective manner and it could also help the organization to uplift their goodwill in the market. Promotion: This attribute describes the promotional techniques used by the organization in order to promote their products and the services in the target manner in an effective manner. Apart from this, it plays crucial role in relevance with gaining competitive advantage and the desired goals and the objectives (Armstrong, et. al., 2015). Conclusion From the aforesaid discussion, it can be concluded that the Bunnings Limited is a multinational Australian company known for providing several services and products to the retail chain stores, directly to the consumers, etc. Currently, they are present in New Zealand, Ireland, and Australia and in United Kingdom. With reviewing the success of the organization in those continents, organizational management has decided to increase their global presence and for the same reason, Asian continent has been chosen with increase in the number of retail chain companies. Along with this increase, Singapore has been chosen for setting up their store in relevance with increasing their effectiveness as well as for attainment of the growth related objectives. In this report, market entry options are discussed in relevance with the entering into the particular countrys market. Further, the report concluded the marketing strategies in order to analyse the organizational capabilities for increasing th eir effectiveness in the target market in accordance with external environmental conditions of the target market. References Amin, S.H., Razmi, J. and Zhang, G., 2011. Supplier selection and order allocation based on fuzzy SWOT analysis and fuzzy linear programming.Expert Systems with Applications,38(1), pp.334-342. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bunnings Warehouse. 2018. Accessed on 24th January 2018 from https://www.bunnings.com.au/ Glowik, M., 2016.Market Entry Strategies: Internationalization Theories, Concepts and Cases of Asian High-Technology Firms: Haier, Hon Hai Precision, Lenovo, LG Electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TCL, Xiaomi. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Gordon, R., 2012. Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), pp.122-126. Helms, M.M. and Nixon, J., 2010. Exploring SWOT analysiswhere are we now? A review of academic research from the last decade.Journal of strategy and management,3(3), pp.215-251. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Kim, J.H. and Hyun, Y.J., 2011. A model to investigate the influence of marketing-mix efforts and corporate image on brand equity in the IT software sector.Industrial marketing management,40(3), pp.424-438. Kolios, A. and Read, G., 2013. A political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.Energies,6(10), pp.5023-5045. Luan, Y.J. and Sudhir, K., 2010. Forecasting marketing-mix responsiveness for new products.Journal of Marketing Research,47(3), pp.444-457. Martorell, O., Mulet, C. and Otero, L., 2013. Choice of market entry mode by Balearic hotel chains in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.International Journal of Hospitality Management,32, pp.217-227. Mintz, O. and Currim, I.S., 2013. What drives managerial use of marketing and financial metrics and does metric use affect performance of marketing-mix activities?.Journal of Marketing,77(2), pp.17-40. Moore, C.M., Doherty, A.M. and Doyle, S.A., 2010. Flagship stores as a market entry method: the perspective of luxury fashion retailing.European Journal of Marketing,44(1/2), pp.139-161. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Swoboda, B., 2010. Decades of research on market entry modes: What do we really know about external antecedents of entry mode choice?.Journal of International Management,16(1), pp.60-77. Omar, M. and Porter, M., 2011. Reducing risk in foreign market entry strategies: standardization versus modification.Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,21(4), pp.382-396. Pestle, W.J., Crowley, B.E. and Weirauch, M.T., 2014. Quantifying inter-laboratory variability in stable isotope analysis of ancient skeletal remains.PLoS one,9(7), p.e102844. Peter, J.P. and Donnelly, J.H., 2011.Marketing management: knowledge and skills: text, analysis, cases, plans. Plano: Business pub., INC. Srdjevic, Z., Bajcetic, R. and Srdjevic, B., 2012. Identifying the criteria set for multicriteria decision making based on SWOT/PESTLE analysis: a case study of reconstructing a water intake structure.Water resources management,26(12), pp.3379-3393. Stevens, C.E. and Dykes, B.J., 2013. The home country cultural determinants of firms' foreign market entry timing strategies.Long Range Planning,46(4), pp.387-410. Tabrizi, A.B., Whale, J., Lyons, T. and Urmee, T., 2014. Designing small wind turbines for highly turbulent sites. InSolar2014: The 52nd Annual Conference of the Australian Solar Council(pp. 8-9). Water, B., Council, B.C., Park, B.G.C., Victoria, M.C.C., Water, M., Council, M.C., Council, M.V.C., Council, M.S. and Basin, M.D., 2014. Certificate of Currency.

The Terrible Trins Essays (221 words) - Mouse, Computer Mouse

The Terrible Trins What the book is about: The book is about a mother mouse named Dolly and three baby mice named Thomas, Richard and Henry. Together they try to defeat the cats in the farmhouse where they live. The mice are taught by their mother on what not to get into like mouse traps and poison. First the mice want to get the white cat out of the house and then the black one. Thomas, Henry and Richard scare the white cat out of the house by shaking up his nerves and the get the black one out when they set up a opsticle to knock off the farmers Scrumpy. The cat jumps onto the table running after the mouse then jumps for him and knocks off the jug and then the jar where the farmer keeps his glass eye. The eye rolls of the table and lands in a hole where the three mice find it. In order to get the farmer to like all the mice which he doesn't, and to stop trying to kill them Thomas, Richard and Henry take the eye and give it back to him. The farmer is so happy he immediately go's and take's all the mou se traps and poison and throws them into the fire and from then on the farmer liked mice.

Hypothesis testing homework solutions Essays - Summary Statistics

Hypothesis testing homework solutions Essays - Summary Statistics Hypothesis testing homework solutions Setting up and interpreting results of a hypothesis test ACT-1. Practice with p-values Use the density tool to practice finding p-values. I. Set the mean to 35, the standard deviation to 12.5, and the sample size to 100. What is the probability of finding a value: a. less than 33 .055 b. greater than 37.1 .039 c. less than 32.8 or greater than 36.9 .039+.065=.104 II. Change the sample size to 250. Now that the sample size is greater, find the following probabilities and compare them with those found in the first question: a. less than 33 .006 b. greater than 37.1 .004 c. less than 32.8 or greater than 36.9 .003+.008=.011 Larger samples taken from the same population have a much smaller chance to have a mean value far from the population mean. Increasing the sample size by a factor of 2.5 decreased the likelihood of these rare events by a factor of 10. III. Keeping the sample size at 250 and the mean at 35, try changing the standard deviation to 11 (a difference of only 1.5 from the previous standard deviation) and compare these results with the results you obtained in the second question. a. less than 33 .034 b. greater than 37.1 .029 c. less than 32.8 or greater than 36.9 .023+.042=.065 A relatively small, about 10% decrease in the standard deviation had a huge effect increasing (by a factor of 6) the chances for certain sample mean values to come up that are far form the population mean.. IV. Set the mean to 34, the standard deviation to 12.5, and the sample size to 100. Find the following probabilities and compare them with the ones you found in the first question. a. less than 33 .21 b. greater than 37.1 .007 c. less than 32.8 or greater than 36.9 .167+.01=.177 33 is much closer (almost 1.25 closer which would be a full standard deviation closer) to the mean now so chances for a sample mean to be 33 increased dramatically. On the other and 37.1is a full standard deviation further than where it was when the mean was 35. therefore fewer samples show this value. In part c) the lower value got closer the higher value mover further form the mean so it evens out to about the same chance overall as in the corresponding part in I. Write a brief summary of what you observed when certain values were changed. MRA-1. Population Mean Hypotheses Each of the following paragraphs calls for a statistical test about a population mean m. State the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis Ha in each case. (a)The diameter of a spindle in a small motor is supposed to be 5 mm. If the spindle is either too small or too large, the motor will not work properly. The manufacturer measures the diameter in a sample of motors to determine whether the mean diameter has moved away from the target. H0: =5 Ha: 5 (b)Census Bureau data show that the mean household income in the area served by a shopping mall is $42,500 per year. A market research firm questions shoppers at the mall. The researchers suspect the mean household income of mall shoppers is higher than that of the general population. H0: =42,500$ Ha: >42,500$ The examinations in a large accounting class are scaled after grading so that the mean score is 50. The professor thinks that one teaching assistant is a poor teacher and suspects that his students have a lower mean score than the class as a whole. The TA's students this semester can be considered a sample from the population of all students in the course, so the professor compares their mean score with 50. H0: =50 Ha: 50 MRA-4. Explaining Ethnocentrism A social psychologist reports that in our sample, "ethnocentrism was significantly higher (p= 0.05) among church attenders than among nonattenders." Explain what this means in language understandable to someone who knows no statistics. Do not use the word "significance" in your answer. Researchers found that the percentage of ethnocentrics was higher among church attenders compared with the same percentage for non-attenders. In fact the evidence for that was so extreme that if there was no difference between the percentage of ethnocentrics between attenders and non-attenders we would see

Relationship Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Relationship Analysis - Essay Example When Harry Met Sally When Harry Met Sally is a film directed by Rob Reiner in 1989, and was written by Nora Ephron. It is listed as one of the top American comedy films of all time and is also considered one of the most romantic movies of all time. Ephron gained an Oscar nomination for this movie. The film also gained a lot of Golden Glove nominations, primarily with Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actor and Best Actress. The film follows the story of two people, Harry Burns and Sally Albright. The story is set within a twelve year span, starting in 1977 to 1989, from Chicago to New York. The movie chronicles their relationship: from the point that they do not like each other to the point that they got married. They first met in Chicago, where Harry hitched a ride with Sally on the way to New York. It should be noted that Harry’s girlfriend is Sally’s friend and that’s how they knew each other. They did not go along with each other because of their different opinions regarding relationships between men and women. The film’s theme about relationships is revealed here: Men and women can’t be friends because the sex part always gets in the way (Harry) and Women and men can be friends (Sally). They part ways as soon as they reached New York. The relationship is not romantic, not even friendly. Five years after that encounter, they saw each other at an airport and even share the same plane. Both are in romantic relationships: Sally was with Harry’s friend and Harry is engaged to a woman named Helen. This surprises Sally. Harry suggests that they become friends but further elaborates on this previous rule (but with an exception now because they are both in respective romantic relationships), making Sally reject his â€Å"friendly offer†. After five years, they meet again in a New York bookstore. Harry is now divorced and Sally is now single after breaking up with Harry’s friend, Joe. They have coffee togeth er and they have talked about their previous relationships. At this point, they decided to become friends. They spend more time with each other (platonically), have dinners together, have late night phone calls and have dates with other people. Their dating experiences with other people continue to show each other’s differing beliefs on dating. One New Year’s Party, Harry and Sally danced, and they found themselves getting attracted to each other. They denied their feelings and they set each other up with their respective friends. By some twist of fate, their best friends hit it off and got engaged. One night, Sally calls Harry because her ex is getting married. Harry goes to Sally’s house and comforts her. They had sex unexpectedly, leading to awkwardness the next day. This leads to their friendship’s cooling off, until they have an argument at their best friends’ (the one they set up for each other) wedding, promptly severing their friendship. Ha rry then tries to patch things up with Sally, to no avail. Fast forward to another New Year’s Party with Sally and she felt alone because there was no Harry to be with her, unlike the last New Year’s Party. As she leaves the party, Harry appears and they make up their mistakes and realize that they do indeed love each other. They kiss. The last scene shows that they were being interviewed about their marriage.

How do the concepts of networks and the network society contribute to Essay

How do the concepts of networks and the network society contribute to the understanding of the contemporary media landscape Ill - Essay Example In the modern 21st century, we find that this field of information and communication is undergoing a series of changes, arising from various technological innovations, and forming a new setting for the access, subject matter, formatting, and interactive sessions, adding a new dimension to the socio-political world (Huntington, 1997). Under such conditions, various social movements, and revolutionary politics are able to interpose with greater force and in lesser time, within this new interactive space, leading to the convergence of the horizontal communication networks and mass media. This has led to an unparalleled shift in history, where the public sphere is fast moving away from the realms of various institutions, to this new space that mainly comprises of mass self-communication, and communication networking, through the Internet and the wireless networking modes (Klinenberg, 2007). This article will examine this new age communication space, and will study to find out how the con cept of networks and network society, contribute to the overall understanding of the contemporary media landscape. ... , Jan van Dijk first coined the term ‘network society’  in his book De Netwerkmaatschappij   (van Dijk, 2005), and was later used by Manuel Castells in 1996. Castells analyses this new concept of ‘network society’ and conceptualised that such societies formed owing to certain factors: The creation of the innovative Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and the formation of global computer networks that helped in the global integration. The lowering of communication costs as in transnational transports, making it possible for the global migration to take place. The breakdown of the Berlin wall and the subsequent rise in global capitalism; The rise of various new forms of social movements like the human rights, civil rights, women’s rights, environmental rights, etc., (Castells, and Gustavo, 2005). In an interview, Castells defined the term network society as â€Å"a society where the key social structures and activities are organized aro und electronically processed information networks...It's about social networks which process and manage information and are using micro-electronic based technologies" (History; Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, 2001). Castells further adds that technology is not the only aspect that defines modern societies, but other factors like economy, culture, and politics also form the framework of network societies, while religion and social status, help in shaping these societies. A network that collectively forms the societies, are actually series of links between basic unitary social elements, known as the nodes. When a single link between two unitary elements is established, the formation of a ‘relationship’ takes place, and many such relationships form a complex web, known as network societies. Van Dijk in

The Effect of the Internet on Global Marketing Strategies Assignment

The Effect of the Internet on Global Marketing Strategies - Assignment Example Internet services are important because they help global marketing possible because international businesses now attempt to use possible worldwide marketing instead of nationalized marketing(Shaw, 2012). In this case, the internet has two main purposes, demanding and enabling.   Enabling allows consumers to get in contact with a wide range of products (Shaw, 2012).   Clients who use or visit the websites share common lifestyles of communication because they have been directed to communicate with other customers through the internet (Shaw, 2012).   Furthermore, customers use different languages. This motivates the use of the English language, which is a common language of interaction (Shaw, 2012). In the demanding marketing strategies, the websites or the internet command that merchant’s use internationally recognized product names.   Using internet companies are in a position to identify leading states. This is usually achieved using global state competitions among man ufacturing companies.   Here, the internet provides information about the leading states or countries.   Through the internet, consumers can recognize the current trends and fashions that emerge because of technological developments (Ancarani, 2002).  Initially, the internet was introduced as a channel of education people through research and education (Ancarani, 2002).   However, it has developed to educate consumers on the type of current products in the market (Ancarani, 2002).   This is because it is still a source of information to consumers.   Consumers are currently seeking information about products from the internet.   This is advantageous because they have chances of choosing different products from different companies.   This changes the techniques of marketing used by different manufacturing companies (Ancarani, 2002).

Case Study: Narcotics Withdrawal Impact on Health

Case Study: Narcotics Withdrawal Impact on Health Arlena Davis Based on the clinical scenario is Mrs. X’s altered mental status due to a focal neurologic deficit or is it related to a more global etiology? Why? Mrs. X altered mental status is not due to focal neurologic deficit as she does not show focal neurologic signs. Some of the signs of focal neurologic deficit are impairment of the spinal cord, nerves and brain activities impairment of the nerves, spinal cord and brain affects certain areas of the body and causes weakness in the right leg and left arm. Mrs. X does not have impaired of the spinal cord, nerves and the brain according to the medical examination. Mrs. X does not have weakness in the left arm and right leg. The neurologic examination shows Mrs. X has no problem. Mrs. X has grip strength of 5/5 bilaterally. The Dorsi and plantar flexion is 5/5 bilaterally. Mrs. X has no focal spinal and costovertebral angle tenderness. Thus, the altered mental status is linked to a more comprehensive etiology. The altered mental status can be due to overdose of Percocet and use of narcotics. Mrs. X took 80 tablets of 10mg Percocet within 72 hours before she started experiencing the symptom s. In addition, Mrs. X has misused narcotics as evidenced by the family’s reaction. Overuse of narcotics and withdrawal can change the mental status of a patient. McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E. (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children (7th ed.). Maryland, MO: Mosby Elsevier. 2. Based on the available information what differentials can the NP absolutely rule out? Give a rationale as to why you are ruling out each differential. Differential diagnosis is conducted to rule out certain diseases and hence ensure the diagnosis is accurate. The NP should rule out some differential diagnoses. The NP should rule out a focal neurologic deficit diagnosis as Mrs. X does not show signs and symptoms of focal neurologic deficit according to the historical and examination data. Additionally, the NP should rule out influenza DFA diagnosis as the patient does not show signs of DFA influenza. They can rule out diarrhea as a result of influenza according to the examination done by the doctor the diarrhea is not be due to influenza, but narcotic withdrawal. Mrs. X has been misusing narcotics and she has not used the drugs since she became sick and this might have contributed to the diarrhea. Further, the NP should rule out narcotic overdose diagnosis as the patient does not show signs of narcotic overdose. McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E. (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children (7th ed.). Maryland, MO: Mosby Elsevier. 3. What differential diagnoses still need to be ruled out? Other differential diagnosis that still need to be eliminated is serotonin syndrome and encephalitis. She could be dehydrated, her urine is dirty she could have a UTI, she has not eaten since onset of symptoms so the Hydroxycut could be causing her to metabolic alkalosis. Loss of fluid through diarrhea and not eating and drink are related to metabolic alkalosis. Boyer EW. Serotonin syndrome. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed June. 12, 2014. Gasper,M.L.,Dillon,P.M.(2011).Clinical Simulations for Nursing Education Learner Volume. Philadephia, PA: F.A Davis 4. What are the signs of narcotic overdose? Is Mrs. X’s condition consistent with a narcotic overdose? There are different signs of narcotic overdose. The first sign of narcotic overdose is respiratory depression. The respiratory rate is low and apnea is evidenced in serious cases. The patient can have a respiratory arrest if the overdose is significant. Hypoxia can cause pulmonary edema as it impairs the permeability of the pulmonary capillary. Pupil constriction is common expect in severe hypoxia when dilation can be seen. The formation of urine is decreased because of the reduction in the flow of renal blood. Other signs of narcotic overdose are hypotension, cold clammy skin and bradycardia. Moreover, patients presenting narcotic overdose show other symptoms. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, constipation and slurred speech, confusion, poor judgment and decreased level of consciousness. Mrs. X’s condition is not consistent with narcotic overdose. Mrs. X. does not have a reparatory depression which is the main sign of narcotic overdose. Mrs. X has an elevated respiratory rate and a heart rate of 22 and 97 respectively. Mrs. X does not have constricted pupils as they are reactive to light. However, Mrs. X has decreased level of consciousness and she is confused. Goldberg, R.(2013).Drugs Across the Spectrum. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning 5. What are the signs of narcotic withdrawal? Is Mrs X’s condition consistent with a narcotic withdrawal? Patients using narcotics show different signs after withdrawal depending on the dosage and how long they have used the drug. The patients can be restless and have insomnia. Also, patients can be anxious, long for the drug and have a flu. Patients can have abdominal cramps, body aches, loss of appetite, Rhinorrhea, fever, confusion, irritability and loss of appetite. Also, patients can have increased respiratory rate, pulse rate and blood pressure in late withdrawal. Patients have gastrointestinal problems including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and loss of weight. Mrs. X’s condition is in line with the signs of narcotic withdrawal. Mrs. X has an increased heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate. Mrs. X heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure are 97, 22 and 135/55 respectively. Also, Mrs. X has fever and flu- like disease. She has decreased appetite as she has not eaten anything since she became sick. Also, she has lost 25lb in the past 2 months after taking hydrox ycut. In addition, Mrs. X has diarrhea and she has been restless and confused. Gasper,M.L.,Dillon,P.M.(2011).Clinical Simulations for Nursing Education Learner Volume. Philadephia, PA: F.A Davis Munjal,Y.P.,Sharma,S.K.,Agarwal,A.K.,Gupta,P.(2012).Api Textbook of Medicine. New Delhi, India: JP Medical Ltd 6. There are 2 clues which are related to one another in the HP and both suggest the same potential differential diagnosis. The admitting physician did not pick up on the clues and consequently did not consider this in their differentials. What are the two clues? What additional historical information is missing from the HP which should be obtained from the husband based on the 2 clues? The two clues are the patient takes Ultram and Percocet, this combination of drugs cause serotonin syndrome. The physician noted that Mrs. X had excessively used narcotics, but did not put this two together with this outcome. In addition, the physician found she had not utilized narcotics for the last three to four days. The overuse of narcotics and withdrawal of narcotics could have led to altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness. As a result, the doctor encouraged Mrs. X to continue using her medications. The physician should have done a narcotic overdose or withdrawal differential diagnosis. Additional historical information includes mental health history, smoking history and OTC and narcotic drug history. The physician should ensure the husband gives a detailed description of OTC and narcotic drugs used. The husband should identify the type of drug used, dosage, dosing schedule and reasons for using the drug. A detailed drug history enables the physician identify drug interaction cases and overdose. The family members have expressed concern over the misuse of narcotics as they believe Mrs. X is misusing narcotics. Nevertheless, they do not state the narcotics used and dosage. Dietary supplements can interact with other drugs and have an adverse impact on the patient. Further, the doctor should ensure the husband gives a comprehensive description of tobacco smoking history. The husband should state the number of packets she smokes in a day. Additionally, the doctor should obtained information regarding the mental status of the patient. Elderly people are prone to mental disorders and they negatively affect their functioning. Some of the mental illnesses are depression, focal neurologic deficit, delirium, dementia among others. Mental health problems affect cognitive functioning. Understanding the mental health history helps in determining the causes of symptoms elderly patients present with. In this case, Mrs. X is unable to speak and has altered mental status. The physician needs information about Mrs. X’s mental health history to determine the cause of the decreased level of consciousness. Mental disorders such as delirium, dementia and focal neurological deficit change the mental status of the patient. 7. Based on the available information what do you think the most likely diagnosis is for Mrs. X’s altered mental status? Narcotic withdrawal has led to altered mental status. Mrs. X shows different symptoms of narcotic withdrawal including increased heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, diarrhea, and confusion. Other symptoms are fever and flu-like disease. Thus, Mrs. X has experienced the symptoms as she has not used narcotics for the last 4 days. References Gasper, M.L., Dillon, P.M. (2011). Clinical Simulations for Nursing Education Learner Volume. Philadephia, PA: F.A Davis Goldberg, R. (2013). Drugs Across the Spectrum. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning Woods, A., Spratto, G. (2011). Delmar Nurses Drug Handbook 2012 Edition. Stamford,CT: Cengage Learning McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E. (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children (7th ed.). Maryland, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Boyer EW. Serotonin syndrome. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed June. 12, 2014. Gasper, M.L., Dillon, P.M.(2011). Clinical Simulations for Nursing Education Learner Volume. Philadephia, PA: F.A Davis Goldberg, R. (2013). Drugs Across the Spectrum. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E. (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children (7th ed.). Maryland, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Munjal, Y.P., Sharma, S.K., Agarwal, A.K., Gupta, P. (2012). Api Textbook of Medicine. New Delhi, India: JP Medical Ltd Woods, A., Spratto, G. (2011). Delmar Nurses Drug Handbook 2012 Edition. Stamford,CT: Cengage Learning Zerwekh, J. (2012). Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RNÂ ® Exam8: Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RNÂ ® Exam. Saunders: Elsiever Health Sciences

Grandma and Grandpa - I Miss You :: Personal Narrative Profile

I miss you Grandpa I remember spending summers in Kansas with Grandpa. I grew up in the suburbs - spending summers in Kansas was a bit of culture shock. I remember waking up early and sitting around the kitchen table and listening while Grandpa and my mom sipped coffee and talked. The Hutch paper was always spread across the table, and inevitably, the conversation would turn to me. "He probably fails all his classes, don't he?" Grandpa would ask. A slow smile would spread across his aging face as his gaze shifted from my mom to me. "I don't think so, Grandpa," I'd respond, partially knowing he was joking, and partially wanting to prove myself. Then he'd lean back in his chair and look up at the ceiling. "No, you're a good kid. You're a good kid." He'd say quietly. He'd comment on a story I'd written, the one about spies and a nuclear power plant in Libya. I was in fourth grade at the time. "That was a good story you wrote. You got that from your great-great-grandfather's brother..." He'd go on telling me about my distant relative the author, and how that's where my writing came from. Later in the morning I'd climb into the rusty pickup with Grandpa and the sandy colored dog, Cherie. We'd drive the quarter mile through Raymond to the tiny post office to get the mail, Grandpa's callused hand hanging out the window. Sometimes I'd wait in the truck, watching farmers come and go through town, wondering why it took so long to get the mail. Sometimes I followed Grandpa in. "Hi Les," the woman behind the counter would say as we walked in. "Who's the handsome young man?" "Who, him? That ugly kid? Hell, I dunno," Grandpa would respond, rubbing his chin and looking at me. "Oh, Les," the woman said. "He's my grandson." "Kerry's boy?" she'd ask. "Yep." "I could tell, he looks a lot like him." "Yeah, him and his brother are visitin' from De-troit. I gotta entertain the little turds for a couple of weeks." That was Grandpa. Later we'd end up at Ike's Windmill and Farm Supply. Grandpa would drink more coffee, smoke a Marlboro, and joke with Geno and Ike, and whoever happened to come through the door. I remember trips to the Fish Gas Station, when Grandpa would treat my brother and I to a candy bar and a pop.

Sex Balls Gangbang

UHL2412–English for Academic Communication–Unit 4–Learning Tasks Introduction to argumentative essay I) Pre-listening task: Instruction: In groups of 4/5, discuss and work out the structure of an argumentative essay, which is different from other types of essays. Your group leader has to report the structure to the whole class. II) Listening task: a) Watch the following video on ‘argumentative essay’. Take notes while watching. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=R3fCIuX7BMc b) The video will be played again.This time check your notes. c) Referring to your notes, answer all questions below. Write your answers on the lines provided. ANSWERS 1. Structure of academic essay:___________________________________________________ 2. Structure of 5-paragraph essay: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________ 3. Structure of argumentative essay: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Chosen topic:______________________ 5. Debatable statement:_________________________________________________________ 6. Chosen position statement:_____________________________________________________ 7. My positioning statement:______________________________________________________ Reasons for disagreeing: i)_____________________________________________________________________ i)_____________________________________________________________________ iii)____________________________________________________________________ 8. Pattern of topic sentence:__________________________________________________ 9. Refutation: We must refute the ____________________of this argument. We need a transition signal __ ____________________to introduce the refutation. III) Post-listening task Task: Write an argumentative essay on â€Å"Facebook is better than emailling’. The following headings can help you complete your essay. A) INTRODUCTIONBackground information: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Thesis statement: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B) SUPPORTING EVIDENCE PARAGRAPH #1 Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Concluding sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ C) SUPPORTING EVIDENCE PARAGRAPH #2 Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Concluding sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ D) SUPPORTING EVIDENCE PARAGRAPH #3 Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Concluding sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ E) COUNTERARGUMENT PARAGRAPH __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Concluding sentence: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ F) CONCLUSION PART 1: SUM UP PARAGRAPH __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ G) CONCLUSION PART 2: YOUR â€Å"SO WHAT† PARAGRAPH _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercise Direction: Write a paraphrase of each of the following passages on the lines provided. 1. Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourth s are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head.From â€Å"Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers,† Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. From Ron Bachman, â€Å"Reaching for the Sky. † Dial (May 1990): 15. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Identifying the main idea Task: Read the following paragraph and identify the main idea.Write down in your own words what you are able to conclude from the information. â€Å"The rules of conduct during an examination are clear. No books, calculators or papers are allowed in the test room. Proctors will not allow anyone with such items to take the test. Anyone caught cheating will be asked to leave the room. His or her test s heet will be taken. The incident will be reported to the proper authority. At the end of the test period, all materials will be returned to the proctor. Failure to abide by these rules will result in a failing grade for this test. † ANSWERS i) Which sentence indicates the main idea? _____________________________________ ii) Your conclusion: ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Supporting Details Top of Form [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]Directions: Read the following paragraphs. Each consists of a stated main idea and several details. Since there is more than one detail, you will select more than one answer. CIRCLE YOUR ANSWERS. | | [pic] Passage One The topic of this paragraph is personal digital assistants.Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are small, hand-held elect ronic organizers that come in a range of prices and capabilities. These lightweight computers are usually operated with a stylus, a special â€Å"pen. † The most basic, inexpensive PDAs have monochromatic screens. They can be used to organize and store contact information, such as names, phone numbers, and email addresses. More expensive models have colour screens and offer computer-like applications. For example, you can manage email and create documents. In addition, they include a calendar function that allows you to keep track of appointments and events. They feature the ability to play video and audio files. The most expensive PDAs also offer a phone function, including text messaging. [pic][pic] | |[pic] | |a) |Which of these are supporting details in the paragraph? | | | | | |Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are small, hand-held electronic organizers that come in a range of prices and | | |capabilities. | | |They can be used to organize and store contact information , such as names, phone numbers, and email addresses. | | |More expensive models have colour screens and offer computer-like applications. | | |The most expensive PDAs offer a phone function, including text messaging. | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |b) |The purpose of the major details in this paragraph is to give | | | | | |reasons to buy a colour PDA. | | |differences between inexpensive and expensive PDAs. | | |the procedure for buying a PDA. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | [pic] Passage Two The topic of this paragraph is eating nutritious food. Are you in the habit of skipping breakfast? Breakfast is important; it gets your metabolism going. Then spread your remaining calories throughout the rest of the day by eating a wholesome lunch, nutritious snack, and balanced dinner. Eating this way keeps your metabolism high. You are also less likely to binge on junk food. You wi ll have more energy and feel better if you eat nutritious food at least every four hours. [pic][pic] | |[pic] | |a) | |Which of these are supporting details in the paragraph? | | | |Breakfast is important; it gets your metabolism going. | |Then spread your remaining calories throughout the rest of the day by eating a wholesome lunch, nutritious snack, and balanced dinner. | |Eating this way keeps your metabolism high. | |You will have more energy and feel better if you eat nutritious food at least every four hours. | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | |b) |The purpose of the major details in this paragraph is to give | | | | | |reasons for eating healthy food a throughout the day and how to do it. | | |examples of nutritious meals and snacks that can be eaten throughout the day. | | |suggestions for making healthier food choices. |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | [pic] Passage Three The topic of this paragraph is college campuses and criminal activity and violence. College campuses can be the site of criminal activity and violence, so they require the same level of caution and awareness that you would use in other situations. Keep in mind that 80% of campus crimes are committed by one student against another student. Also, alcohol or drug use is involved in 90% of campus felonies. Drinking or drug use can affect judgment and lower inhibitions, so be aware if you or another person is under the influence. [pic][pic] | |[pic] | |a) |Which of these are supporting details in the paragraph? | | | | | |College campuses can be the site of criminal activity and violence, so they require the same level of caution and | | |awareness that you would use in other situations. | | |Keep in mind that 80% of campus crimes are committed by one student against another student. | | |Also, alcohol or drug use is involved in 90% of campus felon ies. | | |Drinking or drug use can affect judgment and lower inhibitions, so be aware if you or another person is under the | | |influence. | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | |[pic][pic] | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |b) |The purpose of the major details in this paragraph is to | | | | | |suggest ways of making college campuses safer. | | |contrast college campuses with other places. | | |explain why people need to be alert to possible criminal activity and violence on college campuses. | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | (Source: http://highered. mcgrawhill. com/sites/0073123587/student_view0/chapter9/supporting_details__exercise_1. html)Bottom of Form Contextual Clues Instruction: Read the following article on ‘Changing Plants’ and work out the meanings of the chosen words (1-10) through contextual clues.Write down the clues on the line provided. You are not allowed to use a dictionary. Changing Plant s: New Life Forms The life cycle affects all living things, so the topic has always interested people. Scientists study different life forms and ways to extend life. Some people even work to change life forms. Read about them in this article. New Few people know the name of Dr. Anders Dahl. He died over two centuries ago. Yet Dahl achieved a type of (1) immortality through a flower that bears his name: the dahlia. Like many other plants, the dahlia has changed over the years. People like Dahl are responsible for many of those changes. Dahl’s field was (2) botany.In his lifetime, botany was often practiced in far-off jungles, forests, and meadows. It didn’t take place in laboratories, where much of it takes place now. Botanists in the 1700s travelled around the world. They visited distant places, such as China, collecting plants that were (3) indigenous to those countries. Many flowers came from other lands. Scientists collected these plants and took them back to their own countries. Today, these flowers are found in the United States. However, many have changed. Over the years, scientists have (4) enhanced the plants’ best features and reduced the worst ones. For example, zinnias are now large, colourful flowers. However, the (5) progenitors of today’s zinnias were

Calculating Concentrations with Units and Dilutions

Calculating Concentrations with Units and Dilutions Calculating the concentration of a chemical  solution  is a basic skill all students of chemistry must develop early in their studies. What is concentration? Concentration refers to the amount of solute that is dissolved in a solvent. We normally think of a solute as a solid that is added to a solvent (e.g., adding table salt to water), but the solute could easily exist in another phase. For example, if we add a small amount of ethanol to water, then the ethanol is the solute, and the water is the solvent. If we add a smaller amount of water to a larger amount of ethanol, then the water could be the solute! How To Calculate Units of Concentration Once you have identified the solute and solvent in a solution, you are ready to determine its concentration. Concentration may be expressed several different ways, using percent composition by mass, volume percent, mole fraction, molarity, molality, or normality. Percent Composition by Mass (%)This is the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution (mass of solute plus mass of solvent), multiplied by 100.Example:Determine the percent composition by mass of a 100 g salt solution which contains 20 g salt.Solution:20 g NaCl / 100 g solution x 100 20% NaCl solutionVolume Percent (% v/v) Volume percent or volume/volume percent most often is used when preparing solutions of liquids. Volume percent is defined as:v/v % [(volume of solute)/(volume of solution)] x 100%Note that volume percent is relative to the volume of the solution, not the volume of solvent. For example, wine is about 12% v/v ethanol. This means there is 12 ml ethanol for every 100 ml of wine. It is important to realize liquid and gas volumes are not necessarily additive. If you mix 12 ml of ethanol and 100 ml of wine, you will get less than 112 ml of solution.As another example, 70% v/v rubbing alcohol may be prepared by taking 700 ml of isopropyl alcohol and adding su fficient water to obtain 1000 ml of solution (which will not be 300 ml). Mole Fraction (X) This is the number of moles of a compound divided by the total number of moles of all chemical species in the solution. Keep in mind, the sum of all mole fractions in a solution always equals 1.Example:What are the mole fractions of the components of the solution formed when 92 g glycerol is mixed with 90 g water? (molecular weight water 18; molecular weight of glycerol 92)Solution:90 g water 90 g x 1 mol / 18 g 5 mol water92 g glycerol 92 g x 1 mol / 92 g 1 mol glyceroltotal mol 5 1 6 molxwater 5 mol / 6 mol 0.833x glycerol 1 mol / 6 mol 0.167Its a good idea to check your math by making sure the mole fractions add up to 1:xwater xglycerol .833 0.167 1.000Molarity (M) Molarity is probably the most commonly used unit of concentration. It is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (not necessarily the same as the volume of solvent!).Example:What is the molarity of a solution made when water is added to 11 g CaCl2 to make 100 mL of solution ? (The molecular weight of CaCl2 110)Solution:11 g CaCl2 / (110 g CaCl2 / mol CaCl2) 0.10 mol CaCl2100 mL x 1 L / 1000 mL 0.10 Lmolarity 0.10 mol / 0.10 Lmolarity 1.0 M Molality (m) Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Because the density of water at 25 °C is about 1 kilogram per liter, molality is approximately equal to molarity for dilute aqueous solutions at this temperature. This is a useful approximation, but remember that it is only an approximation and doesnt apply when the solution is at a different temperature, isnt dilute, or uses a solvent other than water.Example:What is the molality of a solution of 10 g NaOH in 500 g water? (Molecular weight of NaOH is 40)Solution:10 g NaOH / (40 g NaOH / 1 mol NaOH) 0.25 mol NaOH500 g water x 1 kg / 1000 g 0.50 kg watermolality 0.25 mol / 0.50 kgmolality 0.05 M / kgmolality 0.50 mNormality (N) Normality is equal to the gram equivalent weight of a solute per liter of solution. A gram equivalent weight or equivalent is a measure of the reactive capacity of a given molecule. Normality is the only concentration unit that is reaction dependent.Example:1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is 2 N for acid-base reactions because each mole of sulfuric acid provides 2 moles of H ions. On the other hand, 1 M sulfuric acid is 1 N for sulfate precipitation, since 1 mole of sulfuric acid provides 1 mole of sulfate ions. Grams per Liter (g/L)This is a simple method of preparing a solution based on grams of solute per liter of solution.Formality (F)A formal solution is expressed regarding formula weight units per liter of solution.Parts per Million (ppm) and Parts per Billion (ppb)Used for extremely dilute solutions, these units express the ratio of parts of solute per either 1 million parts of the solution or 1 billion parts of a solution.Example:A sample of water is found to contain 2 ppm lead. This means that for every million parts, two of them are lead. So, in a one gram sample of water, two-millionths of a gram would be lead. For aqueous solutions, the density of water is assumed to be 1.00 g/ml for these units of concentration. How To Calculate Dilutions You dilute a solution whenever you add solvent to a solution. Adding solvent results in a solution of lower concentration. You can calculate the concentration of a solution following a dilution by applying this equation: MiVi MfVf where M is molarity, V is volume, and the subscripts i and f refer to the initial and final values. Example:How many milliliters of 5.5 M NaOH are needed to prepare 300 mL of 1.2 M NaOH? Solution:5.5 M x V1 1.2 M x 0.3 LV1 1.2 M x 0.3 L / 5.5 MV1 0.065 LV1 65 mL So, to prepare the 1.2 M NaOH solution, you pour 65 mL of 5.5 M NaOH into your container and add water to get 300 mL final volume