Wednesday, September 18, 2019
An International comparison of funding and expenditures for education :: essays research papers
An international comparison of funding & expenditures for education (Canada, France, Japan, united states) I.     A Comparison of Educational Systems: A.     Curriculum B.     Duration of teacher training and certification programs C.     Existence of entrance/exit exams D.     Ethic homogeneity (90% of entire population from one ethnic group) E.     Age for starting school F.     Average days in a school year G.     Average minutes of instruction in a school day H.     Student achievement I.     Pupil/teacher ratios J.     Percent of schools with one or more problems II.     Where does the $ Come From? III.     Where does the $ Go? Duration of teacher training and certification programs Country          Length of training (years)          Academic Program Canada               4 (A gradual move is being made          General education at the university                towards 5 years of teacher           and 1-year of professional training                preparation)                    and instruction in curriculum and                                         teaching classes in contextual                                         dimensions. France               Primary: 4                    Primary: First three year spent in a license                Secondary: 5 or more               Program on any subject; then one year                                         Is spent on curriculum training. Secondary: first four years spent obtaining a degree in the subject to be taught; then 1-year teacher training on curriculum/instruction Japan               First class elementary and lower          First class elementary and lower secondary                Secondary certificate: 4               teachers earn a Bachelor’s degree focusing                First class upper secondary: 6          on general subjects and pedagogy                Second class elementary and          First class upper secondary: Bachelor’s                Lower secondary certificate: 2          degree with less focus on pedagogy                Second class upper secondary: 4          Plus 2 additional years of training on                                         Curriculum and instruction                                         Second class elementary and lower                                         Secondary, Second class upper secondary:                                         Four years of general studies United States     4                         Particular emphases are shaped by                               Regulations, but usually include general                               Concentration in the academic subjects                               Teachers plan to teach (if they are in                               Secondary instruction) and in pedagogy Existence of Exit/Entrance Exams Country          Existence of exit/entrance exams          Name and type of examination Canada               Yes                              Exit exams from secondary                                              School in some provinces. France               Yes                              a) Baccalaureat – Exit                                              Examination from lycee                                              (academic high schools) and                                              university entrance exams. b)     Brevet des college: non- Compulsory exam at the end Of lower secondary school Japan               Yes                              a) Entrance examination for                                              Upper secondary school; b)     Test of the National Center For University Entrance Exam (TNCUEE); and c)     Entrance exams for Individual universities United States          Yes                              SAT/ACT – University entrance                                              Examinations.                                              Minimum competence tests in                                              Some states. Other Characteristics Ethnic Homogeneity (90% of entire population from one ethnic group):      Canada – No               France – Yes          United States – No          Japan – Yes     Average age for starting school:      Canada – 6               France – 6      United States – 6          Japan – 6 Age of compulsory education:      Canada – 6 – 16          France – 6 – 16
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